As one of the heavy construction machinery, the normal operation of the hydraulic system of the Carter excavator is crucial. Hydraulic oil is the core element to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the hydraulic system, so regular replacement of hydraulic oil is critical to the maintenance of Carter excavators. First of all, we must be clear that the replacement cycle of hydraulic oil of Carter excavator is not fixed, it will be affected by a variety of factors, such as the actual working condition of the equipment, the severity of the working environment and the quality level of the hydraulic oil itself. Generally speaking, according to Caterpillar's official recommendations and most industry practice standards, the first oil change of a new Caterpillar excavator should be carried out in about 500 hours when there is no abnormal wear and tear of the excavator, and the subsequent routine replacement is usually recommended to be carried out every 2000 to 3000 hours. However, in practice, it is necessary to flexibly adjust the replacement interval according to the working intensity of the excavator and the contamination of the hydraulic oil. If the excavator is working in a high-load, high-temperature or dusty environment for a long time, the replacement cycle of hydraulic oil should be appropriately shortened to prevent the failure of the hydraulic system caused by oil deterioration and excessive impurities. In general, in order to ensure that the hydraulic system of the Carter excavator is always in the best condition, it is recommended that users pay close attention to the maintenance guide in the equipment manual, and formulate a scientific and reasonable hydraulic oil replacement plan based on the actual situation. Summary keywords: Carter excavator, hydraulic oil, replacement cycle, working environment, working conditions, maintenance.